Cloning Vector concepts genetic engineering

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Description: Plasmids are extrachromosomal, double standard, circular, self-replicating DNA molecules. Almost all the bacteria have plasmids containing a low copy number (1-4 per cell) or a high copy number (10-100 per cell). The size of plasmids varies from 1 to 500 kb. Usually, plasmids contribute to about 0.5 to 5.0% of the total DNA of bacteria.Example:Streptomyces sp.A plasmid is a naturally occurring extrachromosomal double stranded DNA, circular DNA.It replicates autonomously within bacterial cell.Plasmid carries an origin of replication.Plasmid vectors are the simplest cloning vectors.It is most widely used for gene cloning.Characteristics of Plasmid vector:It contains an origin of replication.It also Contain selective marker such as antibiotic resistance, blue white screening).Small in size (1.0 to 250kb)Contains multiple cloning site.Easily isolated from the host cell.Examples of plasmid vectors are:pBR322pUC 18/19pBR322 vectorIt is one of the first vectors to be developed by Boliver and Rodriguez in 1977.in this concept following details will be covered.Types of cloning vectors, plasmids,  Bacteriophages, cosmids, phasmids, lamdaDifferent types of plasmidsFertility plasmidsResistance plasmidsCol plasmidsDegradative plasmidsVirulence plasmidsConjugative plasmidsNon Conjugative plasmidsStringent plasmidsRelaxed plasmidspbr322puc19Plasmid applicationsapplications of Bacteriophagestypes of vectors:PLASMIDSBACTERIOPHAGESCOSMIDSBacterial artificial chromosomeDegradative PlasmidsDegradative plasmids help the host bacterium to digest compounds that are not commonly found in nature, such as camphor, xylene, toluene, and salicylic acid. These plasmids contain genes for special enzymes that break down
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